The research by Duffy, Gangster, Shaw, Johnson, and Pagon addressed the fairness theory introduced by Folger and Cropanzano 1998. addressed African American workers' perceptions of co-workers and supervisors. īehaviors of social undermining can affect a person and their perceptions. For example: 'what would my life be like if I were not the target of undermining?' These studies' findings indicate that 'this rift plays a role in determining the magnitude of the employee's reaction to the event by making the deprived state more salient'. Various different empirical studies have found that undermining has three specific factors that develop counterfactual thoughts. It shows that social undermining affects a person's work ethics and well being. The study shows that undermining has a significant role in worker-supervisor and co-worker relationship and that it leads to various different outcomes such as feelings of irritability, anxiety, depersonalization, and depression. Vinokur found that those who alleged to have social undermining in the workplace reported to have poorer mental health and experienced less well-being. Social undermining can arise through interactions with co-workers and supervisors these interactions have an effect on the workers that are being undermined and can affect their work performance. Research has shown that social undermining exists in a separate and distinct continuum when looking at positive workplace behavior (e.g. Research has shown if a person has a supportive environment in their work setting, they are more likely to have a more satisfied life. In workplaces, social undermining has connection with social interaction. Various aspects of social undermining have affected the workplace and specific races. Social undermining has been very effective in the workplace. Īccording to Duffy, Ganster, and Pagon, 2002, the definition of social undermining in a workplace is, behavior intended to hinder over time and not allowing a person to establish or maintain positive interpersonal relationships. Examples of how an employee can use social undermining in the work environment are behaviors that are used to delay the work of co-workers, to make them look bad or slow them down, competing with co-workers to gain status and recognition and giving co-workers incorrect or even misleading information about a particular job. When social undermining is seen in the work environment the behavior is used to hinder the co-worker's ability to establish and maintain a positive interpersonal relationship, success and a good reputation. This behavior is only considered social undermining if the person's perceived action is intended to hinder their target. Social undermining can affect a person's mental health, including an increase in depressive symptoms. Social undermining is seen in relationships between family members, friends, personal relationships and co-workers. The negative evaluation of the person may involve criticizing their actions, efforts or characteristics.

This behavior can often be attributed to certain feelings, such as dislike or anger. Social undermining is the expression of negative emotions directed towards a particular person or negative evaluations of the person as a way to prevent the person from achieving their goals.

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Definition of undermine